ADYGHE

[ADY] 19,000 in Iraq (1993).   Alternate names: WEST CIRCASSIAN, ADYGEY.  Classification: North Caucasian, Northwest, Circassian. 
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ARABIC, GULF SPOKEN

[AFB] 40,000 in Iraq. Population total all countries 2,440,000 (1995).  Alternate names: KHALIJI, GULF ARABIC.  Dialects: ZUBAIR-FAAU ARABIC.  Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic. 

ARABIC, JUDEO-IRAQI

[YHD] 100 to 150 in Iraq (1992 H. Mutzafi).  Most in Israel. Alternate names: IRAQI JUDEO-ARABIC, JEWISH IRAQI-BAGHDADI ARABIC, ARABI, YAHUDIC.  Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic. 
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[ACM] 11,500,000 in Iraq. Population total all countries 13,900,000.  Alternate names: MESOPOTAMIAN QELTU ARABIC, MESOPOTAMIAN GELET ARABIC, BAGHDADI ARABIC, IRAQI ARABIC, FURATI.  Dialects: ANATOLIAN CLUSTER, TIGRIS CLUSTER, EUPHRATES CLUSTER.  Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic. 
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ARABIC, NAJDI SPOKEN

[ARS] 900,000 in Iraq.  Central Najdi is spoken by Bedouin in the western desert, North Najdi by Bedouin in the south between the rivers up to the Syrian border. Dialects: NORTH NAJDI (SHAMMAR), CENTRAL NAJDI.  Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic. 
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ARABIC, NORTH MESOPOTAMIAN SPOKEN

[AYP] 5,400,000 in Iraq. Population total all countries 6,300,000 (1992).  Alternate names: SYRO-MESOPOTAMIAN VERNACULAR ARABIC, MOSLAWI, MESOPOTAMIAN QELTU ARABIC.  Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic. 
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ARABIC, STANDARD

[ABV]   Middle East, North Africa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic. 
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ARMENIAN

[ARM] 60,000 in Iraq.   Dialects: WESTERN ARMENIAN.  Classification: Indo-European, Armenian. 
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ASSYRIAN NEO-ARAMAIC

[AII] 30,000 in Iraq (1994) out of up to a reported 2,000,000 ethnic population. Population total all countries 210,000 or more speakers. 4,250,000 reported ethnic population.  Alternate names: LISHANA ATURAYA, SURET, SURETH, SURYAYA SWADAYA, ASSYRIAN, NEO-SYRIAC, ASSYRISKI, AISORSKI, ASSYRIANCI.  Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern. 
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AZERBAIJANI, SOUTH

[AZB] 300,000 to 900,000 or more in Iraq (1982 estimate).  Kirkuk city, Arbil, Rowanduz, towns and villages southeast from Kirkuk as far as Al Miqdadiyah, Khanaqin, and Mandali; also several places in the Mosul region. Dialects: KIRKUK.  Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani. 
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BAJELAN

[BJM] 20,000 (1976 Sara).   Alternate names: BAJALANI, GURANI, SHABAK, CHICHAMACHU.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani. 
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BEHDINI

[BDF]   Also spoken in Germany. Alternate names: BAHDINI, BANDINANI, KURDISH BANDINANI.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish. 
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CHALDEAN NEO-ARAMAIC

[CLD] 100,000 to 120,000 in Iraq (1994). Population total all countries 200,000 (1994 H. Mutzafi).  Alternate names: CHALDEAN, KILDANI, KALDAYA, NEO-CHALDEAN, MODERN CHALDEAN, SURETH, LISHANA KALDAYA, FELLIHI, FALLANI.  Dialects: MANGESH, ALQOSH, TEL KEPE, TISQOPA, BARTILLE, SHIRNAK-CHIZRE (BOHTAN), ARADHIN, DIHOK.  Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern. 
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DOMARI

[RMT] 50,000 in Iraq (1970).   Alternate names: MIDDLE EASTERN ROMANI.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Dom. 
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FARSI, WESTERN

[PES] 227,000 in Iraq (1993), 1.2% of the population (1989).   Alternate names: PERSIAN.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian. 
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HAWRAMI

[HAC]   Also spoken in Iran. Alternate names: HAWRAMANI, GURANI, GORANI.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani. 
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HERKI

[HEK]   Also spoken in Iran, Turkey (Asia). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish. 
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KOY SANJAQ SURAT

[KQD] 800 to 1,000 (1995 H. Mutzafi).  Northern Iraq, town of Koi-Sanjaq and nearby village of Armota. Alternate names: KOI SANJAQ SOORIT, KOY SANJAQ SOORET.  Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern. 
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KURDI

[KDB] 2,785,500 in Iraq, 18% of population including all Kurdish in Iraq, most of whom speak Kurdi (1986). Population total all countries 6,036,000. All Kurd speakers in all countries: 11,000,000 (1999 WA).  Alternate names: KURDY, SOUTHERN KURDISH, SORANI, SURANI.  Dialects: ARBILI, KHUSHNAW, PIZHDAR, MUKRI, GARRUSI (BIJBRI), ARDAIÂNI (SANANDAJI), SULAYMÂNI (SULEIMANIYE), WARMÂWA, GARMIYÂNI, KOLYÂ'I, ZANGANA, KIRMÂNSHÂHI.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish. 
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KURMANJI

[KUR]    Alternate names: NORTHERN KURDISH, KERMANJI, KIRMANJI.  Dialects: HAKARI, JEZIRE (BOTAN).  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish. 
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LURI

[LRI]    Alternate names: LUR, LORI.  Dialects: LURI, FEYLI, LEKI, BAKHTIARI.  Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Luri. 
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SHIKAKI

[SHF]   Also spoken in Iran, Turkey (Asia). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish. 
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SURCHI

[SUP]    Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish. 
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